Pg. 16-21 5-minute read
Agarwood, a prized source of aromatic oil, comes from multiple species, including Aquilaria agallocha, Aquilaria sinensis, Aquilaria crassna, and Aquilaria malaccensis. Among these, Aquilaria agallocha and Aquilaria malaccensis are the most renowned. This evergreen tree requires immense patience, as it takes at least ten years to begin producing oil.
Agarwood oil forms only when the tree is infected by fungi such as Fusarium and Aspergillus. This infection affects about 10% of the heartwood, making extraction a delicate and challenging process. The fungal spread is irregular, forcing harvesters to cut down the entire tree and carefully extract the infected sections with precision tools—much like a surgical procedure. The natural infection process can take anywhere from 20 to 60 years, adding to the rarity and value of Agarwood oil.
To meet demand and reduce the waiting time, scientists have developed artificial inoculation methods. This technique accelerates fungal infection, significantly shortening the oil production timeline. Large-scale cultivation ensures sustainability, with only a fraction of trees being inoculated while the rest continue growing naturally.
Agarwood oil remains one of the most sought-after natural fragrances, valued for its deep, complex aroma. Whether through nature or science, its production is a testament to patience, precision, and innovation.
Despite India having an abundance of Agarwood trees, local cultivators found themselves trapped in fear due to a slow but strategic mass propaganda campaign led by a powerful group. Over the years, these influential figures manipulated public perception, making locals believe that their own government was against them. As trust eroded, the locals became dependent on this elite group, which gradually monopolized the Agarwood trade.
The result? A handful of people from India gained control over 80% of the global Agarwood market, supplying highly sought-after Indian Agarwood oil to wealthy buyers in the Arab world, Muslim communities, and prestigious perfume houses across Europe and the USA.
Meanwhile, Vietnam took a different approach. Instead of falling into the grip of monopolization, they focused on mass cultivation and the early infection of Agarwood trees to produce high-quality resin faster. Their goal was clear: dominate the Arab market. With strategic planning and execution, Vietnam succeeded, carving out its place in the global Agarwood industry.
This stark contrast in strategies highlights how manipulation and control shaped India's Agarwood trade, while Vietnam’s proactive approach secured them a competitive edge.
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